مڪلي نامي ۽ ٻين ڪيترن ئي ڪتابن جو مصنف، مير علي
شير قانع اهڙيءَ اوسر کي ڏسندو رهيو. سندس سڀئي
تصنيفون ٺٽي جي علمي شان جون آخري نشانيون آهن.
سندس وفات کان ٿورو پوءِ سندس شهر جي تجارتي ۽
سياسي اهميت بلڪل ختم ٿي چڪي هئي. ٽالپرن سنڌ جي
راجڌاني حيدرآباد کي بنايو هو، جنهن جو بنياد
1768ع ۾ رکيو ويو هو. سنڌو درياء، ڇوڙ لٽ پوڻ ڪري
سوڙهو ٿي ويو هو، جنهن جو ذڪر ٽئورنيئر 1690ع ۾ پڻ
ڪيو هو. ان کان سواءِ سنڌوءَ جي رخ ۾ پڻ ڪيتريون
تبديليون اچي ويون هيون، جنهن هن شاندار شهر لاءِ
مشڪلاتون پيدا ڪري ڇڏيون هيون.
جيمس برنس سن 1827ع ۾ هتي آيو هو، ان وقت ٺٽي جي
آدمشماري گهٽجي هزارن تي پهتي هئي(154).
اِي.بي.ايسٽوِڪ هن کان ٻارهن سال پوءِ هتي آيو هو،
جنهن هن شهر جي زبون حاليءَ جو ذڪر ڪيو آهي. چوي
ٿو ته، ”سندس حالت مايوس ڪن آهي.“ هن ٺٽي ڀرسان
جنهن مقبري جي منظر نگاري ڪئي آهي، سو لڳي ٿو ته
عيسيٰ ترخان ٻئي جي رانڪ هئي. سندس بيان آهي ته
مذڪوره اڏاوت کان سواءِ هي شهر ڀڙڀانگ لڳو پيو هو،
جيڪو ماضيءَ جو هڪ نهايت شاندار شهر هوندو هو.
سندس اندازي مطابق هن شهر جي ڪل آدمشماري ڏهه هزار
هئي، جيڪا برنس جي ٻارنهن سال اڳ ٻڌايل آدمشماري
جو چوٿون حصو وڃي بچي هئي(155).
پوسٽنس 1843ع واري ٽالپرن جي شڪست کان پوءِ سنڌ
آيو هو ۽ انگريز انتظاميه ۾ شريڪ ٿيو هو. هو ٺٽي
بابت ٻڌائي ٿو ته، ”اهو مڪمل طور تي تباهه ٿي چڪو
آهي. سندس آدمشماري جيڪا ڪڏهن اسي هزار هئي، هاڻي
ان جو ڏهون حصو به ڪونه بچيو آهي“(156). 1876ع جي
لکيل هڪ گزيٽيئر جو بيان آهي ته هِتان جي موسم
ڏاڍي خطرناڪ آهي ۽ بخار جو سدائين خطرو رهي ٿو.
وڌيڪ ٻڌائي ٿو ته ٺٽو سڀني مصيبتن جو مجموعو آهي.
ان وقت قانع کي وفات ڪئي صدي به ڪانه گذري هئي، جو
هن مڪليءَ جي سونهن سوڀيا ۽ شان شوڪت جي ساراهه جا
ڍڪ ڀريا. مناسب اهو لڳي ٿو ته پوئين نسل جي دکدائڪ
بيانن بدران سندس ڪتاب مڪلي نامي مان ڪو اقتباس
ڏنو وڃي، ڇاڪاڻ ته معلوم ٿئي ٿو ته سنڌي ثقافت جي
عاشقن مڪلي کي وري اهميت ڏيڻ شروع ڪئي. پير حسام
الدين راشديءَ پنهنجي دفن ٿيڻ لاءِ پڻ هن ماڳ جي
چونڊ ڪئي هئي.
”هڪ دلچسپ جبل، روشنيءَ جو ماڳ، جيئن جبل طورسينا،
جتي بلاشڪ نور جو نئون ترورو ظاهر ٿيو. مشڪل سان
خدا جي دوستن (ولين) کي، گڏجڻ جي اهڙي جاءِ ملي
ٿي، ۽ فقيرن کي آرام لاءِ ورلي اهڙو ماڳ ملندو. هر
رات هڪجهڙي هجي ٿي. هر ڏينهن عيد جي برابر هوندو
آهي، روشنين سان ڀرپور. هتي جي صبح الّٰہ جي ڳُجهن
جي اسرار برابر آهي، ۽ شام مهربان ۽ چشمي جي نه
ختم ٿيندڙ روشنيءَ برابر هجي ٿي. هن ٽڪريءَ جي مٽي
اکين جو ٺار ۽ ٽڪريءَ جي جاءِ ڳجهه ۽ اسرار برابر
آهي(157).
بھشتی
در زمین
پُر نور جایست
زیارتگاہِ
مردانِ خدایست
نہ رخشان است اختر اندر آن جا
بود چشمِ ملک
]128[
بھرِ نظر وا
خور از شوقِ زیارت
در تب افتاد
کہ اندر لرزہ جسمش
تا شب افتاد
نہ بینی
بر فلک آنجا مہِ نو
ڪه مر چشم
ملائک
راست ابرو
ازان
نوری
ڪه زين ڪُه رفت بالا
بود شمعِ
حضورِ ملاء
اعلا
بنام ایزد
چہ کوھی
پر فتوح است
خرامان در طوافش فوج روح است
بھر گنبد صدای
"رَبِ ارنِیْ"
بھر دیوار
نقشِ "لاتَذَرْنِی"
ستونی
آهکِ
هر
مضجعِ او
"اُجیبو
داعِی
اللہ"، مجمعِ اُو
پیٔ
آسودگانش "طَابَ مَثواہ"
انیسِ
همدمانش
"لِی
مَعْ اللہ"
سیاهیٔ
شبِ 'اسرا' ست شامش
سفیدیٔ
سحر لبریزِ
بامش
پیٔ
شب زندہ دارانش فلک را
کلف دان قھوہ در فنجانِ مینا
برای
دفع کلفتھای
زوّار
شفق معجونِ
یاقوتی
پدیدار
پیٔ
فرح مجاورهای
هر
پیر
بدستِ صبح جامی
از طباشیر
شبش را اختران حَبِ نباتند
کہ مر کامِ خلائق را براتند
برایٔ
صایمانِ
خلوت دوست
ثریا
خوشہ
ای
افشاندہ از پوست
بجامِ مہر آن نوری
کہ پیداست
پیٔ
افطار زواران او ماست
قمر مشعل فروزی
ھر مطافی
فلک خدمت گذاری
سینہ
صافی
سحر
سیرانِ
این
کوہِ معلیٰ
چو خور دارند آتش در تہِ پا
بھر درگہ کہ فرض آمد عبادت
ز خود رفتن بود تقدیم
خدمت
نباشد زائرِ او کمتر از حاج
مگر نبود پیٔ
احرام محتاج
گر آن جا در "صفا" سعی
است لازم
درین
جا سعی
از بھرِ صفا ھم
بہ سالی
آن بود فرضِ خلایق
بھفتہ چند بار اینجا
ست لایق
ھر آن نوری
کہ آن جا در سطوع است
ز اصل الاصل اینجا
ھم فروع است
نباشد غیر
نورِ ایزدی
نور
نظر در رفتن
]است[
از خویش
معذور
بصد روزن ھمان
یک
نور تابد
دلِ محرم ازین
اسرار
یابد
اگر مر کعبہ جویان
راست دل صاف
ز خود بر غیر
رفتنھا چہ انصاف
یگان
سنگ و شررها
از حد افزون
بچون و چند سایر
ذات بیچون
برھمن مر بُتی
را ساخت اول
وزان بر خالقیّت
جست منھل
بود خالق شود مخلوق ابلہ
درین
رہ سخت پا لغزیست
باللہ
برانیم
آن
بنا را ساخت برپا
برای
طاعتِ خلق اللہ ماوا
از آن تا این
نباشد فرق در سنگ
مگر ھر
یک
رود راھی
بیک
رنگ
الٰھی
راہ راہِ خویش
بنما
طلسمِ وحدت از کثرت تو بکشا
]129[
بکن دل را بدردِ خویش
مسرور
بدہ خونِ مرا نیرنگِ
منصور
بنای
شوقِ من دم ذوقِ قدسی
بھا و ھوی
خویشم
ساز انسی
الٰھی
ذرہ ام را ذوقِ مھری
کہ باشد روشنیٔ
صد سپھری
کرم کن صافیٔ
مینای
توحید
بلغزان پای
من زین
جادۂ
کید
نشانِ پای
ما را بخش آن ذوق
کہ بنماید
دری
از کعبۂ
شوق
صُور جویان
اگر در خویش
بینند
بتختِ "لِی
مَعَ اللہ" بر نشینند
در اینجا
ھر کُھی
بی
کھربا نیست
دلی
نبود کہ اندر وی
خدا نیست
خدا در ما وما اندر خدائیم
حباب آسا جدا از ما و مائیم
مکانی
جز مکین
واللہ باللہ
بود نورِ الٰھی
مشعلِ راہ
ھر آن نوری
کہ زاھد دید
در خواب
بمستان کشف اندر عالمِ آب
حضوری
کز رخِ محراب تابد
شرابی
درمیانِ
آب
یابد
مناجاتی
خدا را جست و نایافت
خراباتی
ببر مطلوبِ خود
یافت
بیا
ساقی
بدہ آن جام سرشار
کہ از خود وا رھاند فکر و افکار
بمستی
بخشم از خویشم
رھائی
بفیضِ
اھل مکلی
یا
الٰھی
حکایت
خدا جوئی
بکعبہ کرد آھنگ
شرار آسا برون زد خیمہ
از سنگ
بپای
شوق پوئیدی
شب و روز
نشانِ دوست جوئیدی
شب و روز
طلب را آتشی
افروختہ
داشت
دلی
در
نار شوقی
سوختہ
داشت
نسیم
آسا زدی
مستانہ راھی
برنگ بوی
گل نیز
از نگاھی
رسید
اینجا
و اندر جوشِ خود تفت
شنیدم
از دلش زنگ دوئی
رفت
زدہ
یک
نعرۂ
مستانہ در دم
کہ "ھذا مَکّۃُ
لِی"
پیشِ
عالم
چنان احوال وارستانِ عشق ست
چنین
اقوال سرمستانِ عشق است
بلی
نوری
کہ ھم امروز پیداست
درین
جا پھر حق دان کز خدا خاست
حضورِ شاھدِ عرفان است این
کوہ
بنای
پایۂ
ایمان
است این
کوہ
دعا را فتحیابی
این
چنین
نیست
عدیلِ
این
زمین
خلدِ برین
نیست
Notes
1. This article is mainly based on Sayyid
Hussamuddin Rashdi's edition of of Mir Ali Shir
Qani's
Maklinama,
which is a compendium of Sindhi history of the
later Middle Ages. It contains a Sindhi
introduction of 40 pages, the Persian text of 96
pages, and 743 pages of notes and explanations,
further 136 photographs, and a number of family
trees. Published by the Sindhi Adabi Board,
Hyderabad 1967.
2.
A Gazetteer of the Province of Sind,
ed. by A.W. Hughes, London 1876, pp. 837-40.
3.
Sindhi Literature, The Divan of Abd-ul-Latif,
known
by
the name of Shaha jo Risalo,
ed. by Ernest Trumpp, Printed by F.A.Brockhaus,
Leipzig, 1866.
4.
Grammar of the Sindhi Language,
Compared with the Sanskrit-Prakrit and the
cognate Indian vernaculars, by Dr. Ernest Trumpp,
London 1872, repr. Osnabruck 1970. For Trumpp's
work see: A. Schimmel,
Ernest Trumpp. A brief account of his life and
work,
Pak-German Forum, Karachi, 1961; and the same,
German Contributions to the study of Pakistani
linguistics.
German-Pak Forum, Hamburg, 1981.
5. Das Sindhi im Vergleich zum Prakrit und den
anderen neueren Dialekten sanskritischen
Ursprungs,
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen
Gesellschaft,
16, 1861.
6.
Gazetteer,
pp. 126-145.
7. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind,
Calcutta 1929, pp. 123 ff.
Maklinama
Notes, pp. 11-40; see also Sadarangani,
Persian Poets of Sind,
Karachi 1956, p.19 note 2.
8. Mir Ali Shir Qani ,
Maqalat ash-shu'ara,
ed. Sayyid Hussamuddin Rashdi, Karachi 1957,
p.17.
9. Sorley,
Shah Abdul Latif of Bhit,
Oxford University Press 1940, p.82 ff, esp. p.88
note 4.
10. Amir Khusrau,
Diwan-i kamil,
ed. M. Darwish, Tehran 1343sh/1965, Nr. 486. For
the problem of the origin of Thatta see now Dr.
N.A. Baloch, "The Origin cf Thatta", appendix to
A.H. Dani,
Thatta. Islamic Architecture,
Islamabad 1982, pp. 198-202.
11. Qani ',
Maqalat ash-shu'ara,
p.815.
12. Abdul Qadir Bada'uni,
Muntakhab at-tawarikh,
ed. W. Nassau Lees et al., Calcutta 1864-1869,
transl. Vol. I by G. Ranking, Vol.11 by W.H.
Lowe, Vol. Ill by T.W. Haig, Calcutta 1884-1925,
repr. Delhi 1973. Vol. I, text p. 238. transl.
p. 317.
13. Quoted in
Maklinama,
Notes pp. 28 ff.
14. See Dani,
Thatta,
pp. 30-32. A ruined mosque has been found in the
fortress.
15.
Maklinama;
Notes pp. 731-732.
16.
Maklinama,
Notes p.711. The
Tuhfat at-tahirin,
a rather late work, mentions 78 saints' tombs on
Makli altogether.
17.
Bustan-i bahar
is, like most of Qani''s titles, the chronogramm
of the completion of his work, i.e. 1174/1761.
18. For
the activities
of
the Shukrullah family and the family trees see
the various accounts in Qani' 's
Maqalat ash-shu'ara.
A brief account in Sadarangam,
Persian Poets of Sind,
pp. 124-134. For the quarters
of
the family in old Thatta see Sayyid Hussamuddin
Rashdi, "Thatta shahr ji agati Jagrafi"
(The old geography of the city of Thatta).
Mehran
1972
Nos.
3-4, p.130.
19. Mir Ali Shir Qani',
Tuhfat al-kiram.
ed. Sayyid Hussamuddin Rashdi, Hyderabad 1971,
with numerous notes.
20. About Tahir Nisyani see Qani ' ,
Maqalat ash-shu'ara,
pp. 376-377. The
Tarikh-i Tahiri
ed. by Dr. N.A. Baloch, Hyderabad 1964.
21.
Dhdkhirat al-khawanin
by Shaikh Farid Bakhari.
For
a new study
of
Sindh in the Arghun and Tarkhan period see now:
Ansar Zahid Khan,
History and culture of Sind,
A study
of socio-economic
organization and institutions during the 16th
and 17th centuries. Karachi 1980.
22. Mir Ma'sum
was the son of the shaikh ul-lslam
of
Bakhar. Many of the inscriptions in Agra and
Fathpur Sikri contain his own verses,
calligraphed by himself in excellent
nasta'liq.
His biography: Sayyid Hussamuddin Rashdi,
Amin ul-Mulk Mir Muhammad Ma'sum Bakhari,
Hyderabad 1979. His
Tarikh-i Ma'sumi
was published in the Persian original by U.M.
Daudpota, Poona 1938, in an Urdu translation
Karachi 1959, and a Sindhi translation Hyderabad
1963.
23. Sorley, Shah
Abdul Latif of Bhit,
pp. 15-17.
24.
The Tuzuk-i Jahangiri, or Memoirs of Jahangir,
edited by Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Aligarh 1864;
transl. by A. Rogers, ed. by H. Beveridge, repr.
Delhi 1978;
25. Sayyid Abdul Qadir Thattawi,
Hadiqat al-auliya,
ed.
Sayyid Hussamuddin Rashdi. Hyderabad
1967.
The
Introduction contains a very important list
of
hagiographical works
concerning
Sindh.
26. Muhammad A'zam Thattawi,
Tuhfat at-tahirin,
ed.
Agha Badruddin Durrani, Karachi 1958.
27.
Tarikh-i Tahiri,
p 54, quoted in
Maklinama
Notes p.6
28. Ibid., p. 53, quoted in
Maklinama
Notes p.7.
29.
Dhakhirat al-khawanin,
manuscript, quoted in
Maklinama
Notes p.7.
30. Sorley,
Shah Abdul Latif of Bhit,
pp. 136-137.
31.
Maklinama
p. 20; see also
Hadiqat al-auliya,
pp. 49-60;
Tuhfat at-tahirin
Nr. I, 12 pp. 27-30, Sadarangani,
Persian Poets ol Sind,
p. 10; I'jaz ul-Haqq Quddusi,
Tadhkirat-i-Saufiae
Sindh,
Karachi 1959, No. 15. Qani',
Maqalat ash-shu'ara,
pp. 152 - 157 attributes to Hammad Jamali a
little Persian song which is otherwise
considered to be a product of Jamali Kanboh, the
court poet of Sikandar Lodi.
Most
writers follow Qani's attributions:
Do gazak buriya u postaki…
Two little yards of a reedmat and a little
sheepskin,
A little heart filled with pain for a little
friend.
That is enough for Jamali,
The vagrant, carefree lover.
In S.M. Ikram, Armaghan-i Pak, Karachi 1953, p.
158, where the poem is quoted in connection with
Jamali Kanboh, two more lines are added:
A little lungi above, a little lungi beneath,
neither grief on account of a thief nor grief on
account of household goods.
It sounds indeed more like a genuine Sufi verse
than that of a court poet.
32. Dani,
Thatta.
p. 35 shows the "Medrese pavilion of Shaikh
Hammad Jamali".
33.
Hadiqat al-auliya
pp. 40-48; Madrassah,
Tadhkira
No.10.
34. Dani,
Thatta.
pp. 48 ff.
35. Ibid. p. 39 "So-called tomb of Jam Tamachi
and Nuri".
36.
Hadiqat al -auliya.
p. 63-64;
Tuhfat at-tahirin
1,1, pp. 10-16; Quddusi.
Tadhkira
Nr. 37; Richard Burton,
Sindh, and the races that inhabit the Valley of
the Indus,
pp. 222 ff.; Sorley,
Shah Abdul Latif of Bhit.
p. 248. Allusions to Pir Murad occur also in
Balochi poetry, see Longworth Dames,
Popular Poetry of the Baloches.
2 vols., London 1907, p. 146.
37.
Maklinama,
Notes pp. 720 ff.;
Tuhfat at-tahirin
I, 6. pp. 22-23; Quddusi,
Tadhkira
No. 26; Sadarangani,
Persian Poets of Sind,
p. 11; Dani,
Thatta,
p. 33. discusses the Madrassah of Isa Langoti.
38.
Hadiqat al-auliya,
pp.65-66;
Tuhfat at-tahirin
I, 3, pp. 17-20; Quddusi,
Tadhkira
No.22 (gives 971 as date of his death).
According to the legends collected in these
works, some people in Mecca doubted the
sayyidship of Sayyid Ali Shirazi; but when he
greeted the Prophet in his
rauda
in Madina, the Prophet's voice was heard. "Here
I am -
labbaika-my
son!" (A similar story is also told about
Makhdum Jahanyan of Ucch).
39. Sorley,
Shah Abdul Latif of Bhit,
p. 160. 289, based on
Tarikh-i Tahiri.
p. 53. s.a. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind,
p. 113.
40. Burton,
Sindh and the races ... ,
pp. 224-225.
41.
Tuhfat at-tahirin,
p 38. Nr. I, 15, p. 32 claims that one has to
visit the place on the first Sunday of the
month, and repeat that for seven months in order
to increase in intelligence. Dani, speaks of a
hexagonal tomb which" appears to belong to Oadi
Abdallah".
42. See Sadarangani,
Persian Poets of Sind,
p. 12.
43. Abdul Baqi Nihawandi,
Maathir-i Rahimi,
Vol.1, p.274.
44.
Tarikh-i Tahiri,
p.55 ff.; also Qani ' ,
Tuhfat al-kiram,
p. 109ff. The motif as to how the king became
aware of the slave's sagacity is an old topic of
folk tales: by putting some straw in the cold
drink, the boy hindered the thirsty king from
drinking to hastily. Qani' makes Darya
Khan a sayyaidzah who had fallen
on bad days.
45. The question whether Darya Khan and Mubarak
Khan were indeed the same person, has been
discussed by Ghulam Muhammad Lakho, "Chha
Darya Khan ain Mubarak Khan bai alag shakhis
ahen?"
Mehran 30. Nos. 1-2. 1981. pp. 223-234,
against M.H. Siddigia, History of Arghuns and
Tarkhans of Sindh, Hyderabad,
1972.
46.
Maklinama
Notes p. 100: the inscription mentions Jam
Feroz.
47. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind.
p.114f.; plates XXXIII-XXXIV; Dani,
Thatta,
pp. 65-89, and numerous pictures; he thinks that
the construction must have begun during
Nizamuddin's lifetime.
48.
Maklinama.
p. 23.
49.
Maklinama
Notes p. 112, Dani,
Thatta.
p. 43ff. 'Tomb enclosure of Mubarak Khan".
50. Cf. M.A. Ghafur, The
Calligraphers of Thatta,
Karachi 1978.
51. See the survey by Salome
Zajadacz-Hastenrath,
Chaukhandigraber,
Studien zur Grabkunst in Sind und Baluchistan.
Wiesbaden 1978.
52. Qani’ ,
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p.660 ff, gives the chronogram. Kamran's
Turki Diwan
was published by Mahfuz ul-Haqq, Azamgarh 1929.
S.a. Alam Khan, Mirza
Kamran, Aligarh,
1949.
53. For this development see Rashid Burhanpuri,
Burhanpur ke Sindhi auliya. Karachi 1957.
54. Qani’ ,
Maqalat ash-shu' ara.
pp. 271-289 a good biography; Sadarangeni,
Persian Poets of Sind.
p.21.
55. About the immigration to Sindh and the
leading figures under Shah Hasan Arghun see
Tarikh-i Ma'sumi
(Sindhi), pp.233-245.
56. Qani ',
Maqalat ash-shu ara.
p. 791.
57. Ibid., pp. 429-430.
58.
Tarikh-i Ma'sumi
(Sindhi), p. 256. About the role of the earlier
Puranis in Herat
see
some remarks in Qati'i, The
Majma 'ash-shu ara-i Jahangirshahi', ed.
Muhd. Saleem Akhtar, Karachi 1979, p. 103.
59. Qani,
Maqalat ash-shu’ ara,
pp. 185-186; Sadarangani.
Persian Poets of Sind,
pp. 22-24.
60. Qani' ,
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara.
pp. 676 ff.; Hadi Hasan, "Qasim-i Kahi; His
Life, Time, and Work", IC 27 (1953); and the
same, "Introduction to the Diwan of Qasim-i
Kahi,
Indo-lranica
VIII 4, 1955.
61. Bada'uni,
Muntakhab at-tawarikh.
Vol. Ill, text 173, transl. 242 ff.
62. Jan Rypka,
History of Iranian Literature,
The Hague 1968, p. 284; E.G. Browne,
A Literary Hittory of Persia.
Vol.111, 473-486;
Kulliyat-i Qasim-i Anwar,
ed. Said Nafisi, Tehran 1337sh/1958.
63.
Mazhar al-athar,
ed. Sayyid Hussamuddin Rashdi, Karachi 1957.
64. Sam Mirza,
Tuhfa-i Sami, ed.
Humayun Farrukh, Tehran 1347 sh/1968.
65. Qani’,
Tuhfat al-kiram.
p.210.
66. Fakhri Harawi,
Raudat as-salatin wa Jawahir al-‘aja‘ib, ed.
Sayyid Husaamuddin Rashdi, Hyderabad 1968; the
same, "Fakhri Harawi u sih athar-i u",
Majalls Danishkeda-i adabiyat,
Mashhad, 12. No. 2,1350 sh/1971.
67. For the problem of Turkish literature In
India see A.Schimmel, "Babur Padishah the
Poet, with an account of the poetical talent in
his family",
IC 34 (I960),
the same,
"Turkisches in
Indien",
in
Scholia.
Festschrift Annemarie von Gebain, Wiesbaden
1981.
The
Hadiqat al-auliy
mentions,
p.84-85,
that Qadi Dita Siwistani in the time of Hasan
Arghun knew Turki.
68. Tuhfat at-tahirin,
I, 34, pp. 50-53; see Burton,
Sindh and the races.
. .
p.226. The same topic occurs in german as "The
miller of Sanssouci" and is told about the
Prussian king Frederick II in the 18th century.
69. Qani',
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p. 151.
70. For an outsider's report about Sindh during
the last year of the Arghun rule see Sayyid
Hussamuddin Rashdi's article, "Sindh
in
the tenth century hijri - two chapters from Sidi
Ah Reis' Safarnama",
Mehran
1971, pp. 1-60 (with the original Turkish text
of the account of the Ottoman captain).
71. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind,
p.35.
72. Qani',
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p. 44, Isma'il Bakhshi.
73. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind,
p.116; Dani,
Thatta,
p.114.
74. Qani',
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p.362; about his tomb Dani,
Thatta,
p.118.
75. Dani. Thatta,
pp. 134-140: the tomb of Jan Baba.
76. Maklinama,
Notes p.618.
Tarikh-i Tahiri,
p. 131 f. tells a sad story about the
assassination
of
a pious hermit on Makli Hill, and goes into many
details about Baqi Beg's disgusting
acts.
77. Qani' ,
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p. 817.
78. Long descriptions of Qadi Khamisa's
stupidity and impudence in
Tarikh-i Tahiri
p. 122 ff.
79. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind,
p. 35.
80. Ibid.
p.
117, plate XXXVI. But see for another
attribution Dani,
Thatta,
pp.115-116.
81. Qani ' ,
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p. 234.
82. Ibid., p 526-527;
Tarikh-i Tahiri,
p.207.
83. Bada'uni,
Muntakhab at-tawarikh
, Vol. II text p. 304, transl. p. 314.
84.
Tarikh-i Tahiri,
pp.207-209;
Qani' ,
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
pp.
140-144; Sadarangani,
Persian Poets of Sind,
pp. 24-25. The claim of some sources that Jani
Beg met the great musician
Tansen
at
Akbar's
court cannot be verified, for Tansen died in
1589, that is, before Sindh
was annexed
to the Moghul Empire.
85. Cousens.
Antiquities of Sind,
plate
CLII-CIV; Dani,
Thatta,
p.173
f.
86. Talib-i Amuli,
Kulliyat. ed.
Tahiri
Shihabi,
Tehran s.d.
(1346sh/1965).
p.56.
In
another
qasida,
which is rather insipid and repeats, for
instance, the rhyme-word
samandar
four times, Talib says (p.27):
The parrot, like an ant, puts his foot always on
the taste [of the lip]
Because from his (Ghazi's) speech molten sugar
dripples down.
Like the dew of the rose, thus dripples from the
movement of his finger
The water (= lustre) of pearls from his pen.
87. The miniature with Mirza Ghazi's portrait,
now in the Victoria and Albert Museum. London,
is published in Qani',
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
plate 31, ad p. 828.
88. Chanesarnama,
ed. Sayyid Hussamuddin Rashdi, Karachi 1956. See
also Sadarangan,
Persian Poets of Sind,
pp. 33-41. Mir Ma’ sum Nami, versified the
Sindhi-Panjabi folktale of Sassui Punhun as
Naz–u-niyaz or Husn-u-naz.
89. See
Tuzuk-i Jahangiri,
Vol. I, pp. 71, 75, 86, 131, especially 133,
151, and 173.
90. Talib-i Amuli,
Kulliyat,
p. 28, s. a. p. 25 a congratulation for ' Id
al-qurban. Poems dedicated to Mirza Ghazi are
found on pp. 25, 26. 45, 50-54, 57-63,64, 72,
77, and 98-104; they surpass in number those
dedicated to Talib's later patron Jahangir and
his family members.
91. See Sadarangani,
Persian Poets of Sind,
pp. 41-48, especially
p.
47 note 5, based on Farid Bakhari's
Dhakhirat al-khawanin.
92. Tarikh-i Tahiri,
pp. 263 ff. There also the chronogramm.
93. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind,
plates LII-LIV.
94. Qani',
Tuhfat al-kiram,
p.214-216;
Maklinama,
Notes pp.195-232.
95. Qani’,
Tuhfat al-kiram,
p. 216 note 1.
and Sayyid
Hussamuddin Rashdi in
Mehran
1968 No.4,p.87.
96. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind,
p.121. plates
LXIII-LXV. Dani,
Thatta,
pp.
175-177 S.H. Rashdi, "Thatta shahra ji agati
jagrafi".
pp.
135-136.
97. Maklinama,
p. 30, Dani,
Thatta,
pp. 164-166.
98. Qani',
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p. 376; Sadarangani,
Persian Poets of Sind,
pp. 50-52.
99. Maklinama
Notes p. 702.
100. Qani ' ,
Tuhfat al-kiram,
p. 320 ff.
Maklinama,
Notes pp. 237-627 an account of Isa Tarkhan's
life and the life of all his family members.
101. Maklinama,
Notes p. 739.
102. Qani',
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p.488ff. (with picture).
103. Tuzuk-i Jahangiri,
p. 262 (1023/1614).
104. Dani, Thatta, p. 186.
105. So in Qani ',
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p. 324.
106. Maklinama,
Notes p. 290.
107. Ibid. p. 320; on the following pages,
especially 324-325, assessments of Isa Tarkhan's
character by various authors.
108. Sayyid Mir Muhammad ibn Sayyid Jalal
Tattawi.
Tarkhannama,
ed. Sayyid Hussamuddin Rashdi, Hyderabad 1967.
109. Qani',
Tuhfat al-kiram
p. 321.
110.
Maklinama
p.38.
111. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind.
p. 118. Plates XLI, L. LI, CXXXVI, XLVII, XLIX;
Dani,
Thatta, pp. 141-148
with numerous pictures.
112. Qani',
Maqalat ash-shu ' ara
p. 379;
Maklinama
Notes p. 466.
113. Amir khan's picture in the Darbar-i
Jahangiri BM Add. 18818, shown in the Exhibition
of the Coronation Darbar, p. 112, Nr.556.
114. For this Shuhud son of Amirkhan see
Sadarangani,
Persian Poets of Sind,
pp. 66-68.
115. Yusuf Mirak Sindhi,
Mazhar-i Shahjahani,
ed. Sayyid Hussamuddin Rashdi, Hyderabad 1962,
see the introduction about the problem of
ijara.
116. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind,
p. 117 f, plates XXXVIII-XL; Dani,
Thatta,
p. 174.
117. Cousens, I.c., pp. 120-121, Dani, I.c.,
pp.190-195.
118. Qani',
Maqalat ash- shu 'ara,
p. 418 f. See also Brockelmann,
Geschichte der arabischen Literatur,
II p. 416, Supplement II p. 598.
119. Qani',
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara.
pp. 245-247.
120. B.A. Hashmi, "Sarmad, His Life and
Quatrains", IC. 7 (1933) and 8(1934); W.
Fischel, "Jews and Judaism at the Court of
the Moghul Emperors in Medieval India". IC
25 (1951).
121. Qani '.
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p. 19 mentions one Ahmad Ali Mazandarani, who
came with an embassy of Shah Abbas and fell in
love with a Brahmin's son in Thatta, he
composed a poem about his
qashqa
(cast mark).
122. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind.
p.
116,
Dani,
Thatta.
p.
161.
123.
Hadiqat al-auliya.
pp. 61-62;
Tuhfat –at-tahirin
I, 21, pp. 38-39; Quddusi. Tadhkira Nr.
12.
Burton,
Sindh, and the races,
.p.86 f.
gives a long account of these legendary events.
124. Maklinama p.
24.
Notes pp. 190 ff.
125. Ibid. p. 26, Notes p. 193;
Tuhfat at-tahirin
1,41, pp. 59 – 60.
126. Ibid. pp. 28-29.
127. Ibid. p. 35. Notes p. 234.
128. Ibid p. 61, Notes p. 667.
129. Ibid. p. 27, Notes pp. 656-669; see also
Burton,
Sindh, and the aces,
p.228
130. Qani',
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara.
pp. 390-393, with a picture of the place.
131. About Ma'il, Qani's son, see Ibrahim Khalil
Thattawi,
Takmila Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
ed. Sayyid Hussamuddin Rashdi, Karachi
1958.
p. 537ff.
132. Qani' ,
Tuhfat al - kiram,
p. 110.
133. For the movement see Bazmee Ansari, "Sayyid
Muhammad Jawnpuri and his movement".
Islamic Studies
II, 1963.
134. Bada'uni,
Muntakhab at-tawarikh,
Vol.III, text p. 67, transl. p. 111. S.a. text
p. 45, transl. 74ff.
135. His Sindhi verses which were recently
discovered in a manuscript in Hariyana, have
been edited by Hiro Thakur,
Qadi Qadan jo kalam,
Delhi 1978.
136. About him see Dara Shikoh,
Safinat al-auliya,
ed. Jalali Na'ni, Tehran 1344sh/ 1965. His
mausoleum in Lahore, Cantonment area, is still
frequently visited; the tomb of Dara's wife
Nadira Begum, who is buried close to Mian Mir,
has recently been repaired.
137.
Maklimama,
Notes
pp.
628-655, esp. 646 ff.
138. Sorley, Shah
Abdul Latif of Bhit,
p
45 ff.
139. Ibid., p. 117. Cousens,
Antiquities of Sind,
p.
218.
140. Sorley, I.c.,
p. 80 ff.
141.
Qani ' ,
Maqalat
ash-shu
'ara,
p. 346.
142. Sorley,
Shah Abdul Latif of Bhit,
p. 9.
143. Gulraj Parsram,
Sind and its Sufis,
Madras 1924, repr. Lahore, p. 53.
144. Ib.d. p. 377: Akhund Faiz Allah.
145. Qani ',
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p. 339.
146. Ibid., pp. 475-478.
147. Ibid., pp. 442-443; Sadarangani,
Persian Poets of Sind,
pp. 70-75, Abdul Hakim 'Ata,
Diwan,
ed. Rashid Burhanpuri, Karachi s.d.; the same.
Hasht Bihisht,
ed. Sayyid Hussamuddin Rashdi, Karachi 1963.
148. Qani’ ,
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
pp. 437-439.
149. Ibid., p.
355.
150. Ibid., pp. 702-703; Sadarangani,
Persian Poets of Sind,
pp. 91-100;
Diwan-i Muhsin,
ed. Habibullah Rushdi, Hyderabad 1963.
a. Qani ',
Maqalat ash-shu 'ara,
p. 842; Brockelmann,
GAL
Supplement II pp. 612-613; Storey,
Persian Literature
II, p. 138, 207; Billimoria,
Bibliography of the publications relating to
Sind and Balochistan
No. 421; A. Schimmel, "Sindhi Literature", in
Jan Gonda,
History of Indian Literature.
Wiesbaden 1973, p.18-20.
152. The first religious book in Sindhi on
non-mystical subjects was Mian Abul-Hasan's
Muqaddimat as-salat.
For the whole development see Sayyid Husamuddin
Rashdi,
Sindhi Adab,
Karachi, s.d.
153. A. Schimmel, "Translations and
commentaries of the Qur'an in the Sindhi
language",
Orient
XV, 1963. S.A. Burton,
Sindh. and the races,
pp. 81-82.
154.
151. Ibrahim Khalil's
Takmila
contains a list of all of Makhdum Muhammad
Hashim's writings; s.J. Burnes,
A visit to the Court of Sindh
(1829), repr. 1974, pp. 1 28-129.
155. E.B., Eastwick,
A Glance at Sind before Napier, or Dry leaves
from Young Egypt,
1849, repr. 1973, 20.
156. T. Postans,
Personal Observations on Sindh,
London 1843. p. 25 f.
157. Maklinama,
p. 11. |